Slippery Slope: If A happens, Z will follow--
“If we allow Chat GPT in classrooms students will not know how to think for
themselves.”
Hasty Generalization: Drawing a conclusion before having sufficient facts--
“Bugs look gross, I am sure they are not a source of protein.”
Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc (aka correlation not causation): 'A' occurred after 'B' ergo 'B' must have caused 'A.'—
“I had wet hair and went out into the snowstorm and now I have a
cold”
Guilt by association: This conclusion is based on an argument that the origins of a person, idea, institute, or theory determine its character, nature, or worth-
“Juan works for Halibumpton Inc, the company responsible for the
chemical leak in the West African Republic that killed hundreds.
Juan is an evil person.”
Begging the Claim: The desired conclusion is validated within the statement--
“Internal combustion engines poison the air and should be banned
for the sake of the planet.”
Circular Argument: This main point is repeated rather than proven or demonstrated--
“Cats were worshiped in ancient Egypt. Therefore we know
domestic cats have been part of human life for thousands of years.”
Either/or (false dichotomy) The list of choices is reduced to one of two--
“The government should stop funding the arts as there are too
many homeless.”
Ad hominem: This is an attack on the character of a person rather than the subject at hand--
“I would never vote for him because he has shifty eyes.”
Ad populum/Bandwagon Appeal: using peer pressure or the perception of it to persuade someone--
“More Americans drink Apalacha Cola than any other brand.”
Red Herring/Whataboutism: a diversionary tactic to throw the other side of track--
“Candidate Juarez was late filing income taxes for at least 3 years.”
“So? Candidate Smith had an affair with their campaign manager.”
Straw Man: Oversimplifies a complex point and attacks the weakened point—
“We should get Juneteenth off as a holiday.”
“You want to abolish the Fourth of July!”
Moral Equivalence: equates a minor event with major events to suggest both are equally wrong. (BTW, See Godwin’s Law*)--
“Wearing masks is like Jews having to wear the yellow Star of David in Nazi Germany.”
*the longer a political discussion continues the greater the likelihood of Hitler and/or Nazis being mentioned
“That is just like Hitler….”
Corollary: As soon as one mentions Hitler and/or Nazis one has ended the conversation
GENERAL
Educational Testing Service. (n.d.). Analytical writing—analyze an issue - ETS. Analytical Writing--Issue Topic Pool. https://www.ets.org/pdfs/gre/issue-pool.pdf
Educational Testing Service. (n.d.). Analytical writing—analyze an issue - ETS. Analytical Writing--Issue Topic Pool. https://www.ets.org/pdfs/gre/issue-pool.pdf
TIPS
Kapelke-Dale, R. (2019, November 7). 12 tips to Ace GRE Writing. Magoosh Blog - GRE® Test. https://magoosh.com/gre/gre-writing-tips/
Kaplan Test Prep. (2023, September 8). 7 Tips for a Perfect GRE Issue Essay. Kaplan Test Prep.
https://www.kaptest.com/study/gre/7-tips-for-a-perfect-gre-issue-essay/
RUBRIC
Educational Testing Service. (n.d.). Analytical Writing Measure Scoring
https://www.ets.org/gre/test-takers/general-test/prepare/content/analytical-writing/scoring.html
Magoosh. (n.d.). Magoosh essay rubric for the GRE & GMAT. Magoosh Essay Rubric for the GRE & GMAT.
https://magoosh.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Magoosh-Essay-Rubric-for-the-GRE-GMAT.pdf
GENERAL
Educational Testing Service. (n.d.). Overview of the Quantitative Reasoning Measure. ETS. https://www.ets.org/gre/test-takers/general-test/prepare/content/quantitative-reasoning.html
Educational Testing Service. (n.d.). Introduction to the quantitative reasoning measure - ETS. Introduction to the Quantitative Reasoning Measure. https://www.ets.org/pdfs/gre/gre-intro-quant-18-point.pdf
TIPS
Edvoy. (n.d.). Mastering the GRE quantitative section: A study plan for success. https://edvoy.com/articles/mastering-gre-quantitative-section-study-plan/
Kaplan. (2016, October 19). Top 10 Math Tips for Better Scores on the GRE. Kaplan Test Prep. https://www.kaptest.com/study/gre/top-10-math-tips-for-better-scores-on-the-gre/
McCammon, E. (2017, July 25). How to Ace Gre Quantitative: 22 expert Tips • Prepscholar Gre. Online GRE Prep Blog by PrepScholar. https://www.prepscholar.com/gre/blog/gre-quantitative-study-guide/
Princeton Review. (2023, February 24). How to score a perfect 170 in GRE’s quant section. Manya. https://www.manyagroup.com/blog/how-to-score-a-perfect-170-in-gres-quant-section/
GENERAL
Educational Testing Service. (n.d.-a). ETS Home. ETS. https://www.ets.org/gre/test-takers/general-test/prepare/content/verbal-reasoning.html
TIPS
Kaplan, Inc. (2023, September 8). What’s on the GRE: Verbal Section. Kaplan Test Prep. https://www.kaptest.com/study/gre/whats-on-the-gre-gre-verbal-section/
Princeton Review. (n.d.). GRE Verbal Practice: Questions & Explanations. https://www.princetonreview.com/grad-school-advice/gre-verbal-practice