Skip to Main Content

SWOK 587: Public Welfare

A guide to the social work resources available at Heritage University

Reference Works

Data & Stats

50 Important Welfare Statistics for 2023
We’ve compiled a number of statistics that highlight the cost, demographics and effects of welfare spending in the United States. Read on to see all of the welfare statistics that will be important to know in 2023.

Program Income and Public Assistance Data

 Program Income and Public Assistance Data are facts on people, places and business collected in censuses and surveys and through administrative records.

What the data says about food stamps in the U.S.
"The food stamp program is one of the larger federal social welfare initiatives, and in its current form has been around for nearly six decades."

Public Welfare Expenditures

Public welfare expenditures include cash assistance through Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), Supplemental Security Income, and other payments made directly to individuals, as well as payments to physicians and other service providers under programs like Medicaid

About Program Income and Public Assistance
"Public assistance refers to assistance programs that provide either cash assistance or in-kind benefits to individuals and families from any governmental entity."

Social Assistance - Economic Data Series | FRED | St. Louis Fed
What is FRED? Short for Federal Reserve Economic Data, FRED is an online database consisting of hundreds of thousands of economic data time series from scores of national, international, public, and private sources.
​​​​​​​

EBP

Evidence Based Practice in Child Welfare

"The Institute of Medicine (IOM) has defined EBP as consisting of “best research evidence, best clinical experience, and consistent with patient values.”

Evidence-Based Practice
Evidence-based practices (EBPs) are shown to be effective based on rigorous evaluations and factor in the expertise of child welfare professionals and the characteristics, culture, and preferences of those the practice will support.  

Evidence-Based Practice
Social workers increasingly are seeking information about evidence-based practices. Numerous resources are emerging to help connect research to practice and provide information that can be helpful to practitioners. Since the term evidence-based practice (EBP) is used in numerous ways, definitions will be provided that can help expand social workers understanding of EBP. resources, and publications will be identified that can be useful to inform practice and guide policymakers. Since the identification of evidence-based practices involves assessing the available body of practice-relevant research, having a robust social work research base is important.

Evidence-Based Practice
Using rigorously-evaluated evidence-based programs to promote child well-being, the resources from the Annie E. Casey Foundation lay the blueprints for healthy youth development.

REPORTING GUIDE - Washington State Health Care Authority
The Reporting Guide for Evidence Based Practices in Children’s Mental Health reflects this definition. Providers report evidence-based practice when they apply clinical elements from treatment approaches shown to be effective in rigorous research studies."

 

Evidence-Based Practices
"The Clearinghouse reviews evidence on mental health, substance abuse prevention and treatment, and in-home parent skill-based programs and services."

Evidence-Based Practices Resource Center
"The Evidence-Based Practices Resource Center provides communities, clinicians, policy-makers and others with the information and tools to incorporate evidence-based practices into their communities or clinical settings."

Evidence Based Programs - Social Programs That Work 

"Evidence based programs provides essential research for policymakers and program developers. Search policy areas and programs for program evaluation."

Evidence-based and research-based practices
"Reports regarding efforts to increase evidence-based and research-based practices in children's behavioral health."

Helping Providers Choose Effective Programs
"
Chapin Hall’s new Evidence-Based Practice Desk Guide allows case workers and providers to make informed decisions and ensure a good fit between clients and the services they receive.  This easy-to-use tool covers 17 programs the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ Title IV-E Prevention Services Clearinghouse has rated as well-supported. These programs were created to help families thrive and prevent unnecessary foster care placements. Programs cover mental health treatment, substance abuse prevention and treatment, and in-home parent skill building models."

Selecting and Implementing Evidence-Based Practices - NJ.gov
In 2004, the California Department of Social Services (CDSS) contracted with Chadwick Center for Children & Families at Rady Children’s Hospital-San Diego to create the California Evidence-Based Clearinghouse for Child Welfare (CEBC). The CEBC is one of the California Department of Social Services’ targeted efforts to improve the lives of children and families served within the child welfare system.

 

Government Resources

Government benefits | USAGov
Find government programs that may help pay for food, housing, medical, and other basic living expenses. Learn about Social Security and government checks.

Welcome to Benefits.gov | Benefits.Gov
Use the benefit finder tool or search by category to learn which benefits you and your family may be eligible for and how to apply.

 

Accessing Government Assistance

Find support and assistance for housing, food, healthcare, utilities, and more. Learn if you qualify and how to apply below.

Databases

VRM | Social Services Databases

State social service agencies are responsible for determining eligibility for public benefits like the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP or food stamps), Temporary Aid for Needy Families (TANF), Medicaid, state-based General Assistance, and other benefits. These programs cover over 60 million people nationwide, many of whom may not be included on driver’s license databases or other lists.

Databases Related to Public Assistance Programs
"RAND databases related to public assistance programs and the social safety net, including L.A.FANS (Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey) and CalWORKs."

A Longitudinal Database Tracking State and Territory AFDC/TANF Policies

The Welfare Rules Database provides a comprehensive, sophisticated resource for anyone comparing cash assistance programs between states and territories, researching changes in cash assistance rules within a single state or territory, or simply looking for the most up-to-date information on the rules governing cash assistance in one state or territory.

 

SNAP Policy Database Documentation
 

Monthly data are provided for all 50 States and the District of Columbia from January 1996 through December 2020.

Methods

The database contains variables that relay information on a variety of State policy options, drawing on policy information from many sources. A primary source is USDA’s Food and Nutrition Service (FNS), which provides publicly available information through the SNAP State Options Reports and the SNAP Quality Control Data, and creates special tabulations from the SNAP National Databank. Information is also collected from USDA, FNS policy guidance memos, contracted studies, and correspondence with FNS staff. 

 

Research Reports

 

Research and Data Analysis | DSHS
The patterns observed in these reports highlight areas that may be underutilized as points of intervention for those receiving SUD-related acute care services."

The impact of social assistance programs on population health
"Socioeconomic disadvantage is a fundamental cause of morbidity and mortality. One of the most important ways that governments buffer the adverse consequences of socioeconomic disadvantage is through the provision of social assistance. We conducted a systematic review of research examining the health impact of social assistance programs in high-income countries."

Strategies for Improving Public Benefits Access and Retention
This report presents a menu of strategies that have the potential to increase access to individual public benefit programs or a package of benefits. It focuses on Illinois, but the strategies identified are relevant throughout the country.

 

Research Reports & Articles Database - Data Products - USDA
This project is designed to help States and large counties solve problems in their eligibility processes that make it difficult for low-income families to access and retain program benefits. The project provides support for a Food Stamp Program component in a study that addresses Medicaid and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF). The Administration for Children and Families (ACF) study is part of a broader endeavor, supported by the Robert J. Woods Foundation, that looks at promising program practices for food stamps, Medicaid, and SCHIP. A second "improving practices" stage of the broader research with the Robert J. Woods Foundation will involve site visits to six States, four of which have been identified as part of the foundation's activity, and two additional ones funded by ACF."

 

 

Policy

Social Welfare Policy - an overview
"Social Welfare Policy refers to the set of government actions and programs designed to promote the well-being and quality of life of individuals and communities, particularly those in need."

Policy Issues

 

 

Poverty and Welfare

The federal government spends more than $1.1 trillion a year on 134 welfare programs. State and local governments add about $744 billion more.

 

Cato Institute
The federal government spends more than $1.1 trillion a year on 134 welfare programs. State and local governments add about $744 billion more.

 

Researching

The Public Welfare Foundation
"... supports efforts to advance justice and opportunity for people in need. These efforts honor the Foundation’s core values of racial equity, economic well-being and fundamental fairness for all."

Research and Impact | Berkeley Social Welfare
UC Berkeley’s world-class faculty and research units can be leveraged to conduct studies that make a difference. Berkeley Social Welfare faculty lead a number of research units, and the School houses the California Child Welfare Indicators Project. 

 

Center for Prevention Research in Social Welfare
Over the last three decades, findings from prevention research have helped scholars understand how to prevent many significant social problems by intervening with the risk and protective factors that precede them. In order for such research to change the prevalence of social problems in society, we need to understand how to deliver preventive interventions in various service settings, to vulnerable populations, and with a well-trained workforce for prevention services. Social work has a long history of leadership in prevention work and is well positioned to respond to these contemporary needs."

Center for the Study of Social Policy

"The Center for the Study of Social Policy works to achieve a racially, economically, and socially just society in which all children, youth, and families thrive"

Welfare | Research
"Our goal is to improve people’s lives through understanding how their welfare – their health, happiness and economic prosperity – is affected by different social and economic factors."

Online Resources

Washington State Department of Social and Health Services .
"As a Department we are tied together by a single mission: to transform lives. Each administration within DSHS has a refined focus on this mission."

Services We Offer | DSHS

"Nearly one out of every four Washington residents turns to the Economic Services Administration (ESA) in the Department of Social and Health Services for assistance with cash, food, child support, disability determination, transition to employment, and other services.  Each day, more than 4,000 ESA employees provide families and individuals across the state with the resources and support they need to build better lives.  In 2013, ESA served more than 1.5 million people – representing approximately 22 percent of all Washington State residents."

Accessing Government Assistance
"Find support and assistance for housing, food, healthcare, utilities, and more. Learn if you qualify and how to apply "

 

Available Benefits - Washington Connection
Benefits and Programs you can apply for on this site.
 

 

OER /OA

List of North American OER Policies & Projects
This resource provides examples of how institutions, companies, organizations & state governments across North America implement OER policies & projects.

 

View of Government support for open educational resources
Foundations like Hewlett, Mellon, and Gates provided start-up funding and support that nurtured the field of open educational resources (OER) from infancy to a robust early adolescence characterized by energy and idealism (Casserly & Smith, 2008). However, foundation grants typically focus on establishing exemplars and cannot be relied on for sustaining ongoing operations or generating widespread adoption. One strategy for sustaining and expanding OER is for governments and public funding to take over from the early stage funding foundations provided 

Organizations

National Conference of State Legislatures
"...created by state legislators and legislative staff in 1975, serves America’s 50 states, commonwealths, territories and the District of Columbia. Every state legislator and staffer is a member of the organization and has complete access to the latest in bipartisan policy research, training resources and technical assistance tailored specifically to their needs. And, NCSL offers members a variety of opportunities to connect and collaborate, notably at its signature event, the NCSL Legislative Summit. Use the links below to get involved or connect with NCSL staff."

 

Urban Insitiute
"Urban Institute’s research helps changemakers design effective solutions to the challenges faced by people and communities. Together, let’s work toward building a more just, equitable society."